Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method

: The deployment of solar and wind energy technologies has witnessed remarkable growth globally. The solar wind energy requires careful grid management and the development of energy storage technologies to ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply. The selection policy for solar and wind energy is crucial to promoting the efficient and effective deployment of renewable energy technologies. This study provides an overview of the critical considerations and criteria for the selection policy for solar and wind energy projects. It emphasizes the importance of site suitability, resource assessment, technological feasibility, economic viability, environmental impact, community engagement, and regulatory compliance. By implementing a robust selection policy, policymakers and stakeholders can ensure the successful implementation of solar and wind energy projects that contribute to a sustainable and low-carbon energy future. This study builds a framework with three stages. In the first stage, we make the decision matrix between criteria and alternatives by the experts and decision makers. In the second stage, we compute the criteria weights by the average method. In the final stage, we used the Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method to rank the alternatives. We used 10 criteria, and 15 policies to select the policies in solar wind energy. The results concluded that the proposed method could provide a new method to rank alternatives and select the best policy in solar wind energy. Moreover, the proposed method can introduce simpler and more flexible methods


Introduction
Solar and wind energy are two prominent renewable sources that have recently gained significant attention and adoption.As the world seeks to transition towards a more sustainable and low-carbon future, solar and wind energy technologies offer promising solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate climate change, and foster energy independence [1], [2].
An International Journal of Computational Intelligence Methods, and Applications

Samah Ibrahim Abdel Aal, and Nada A.Nabeeh, Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method
Solar energy harnesses the sun's power by converting sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) panels or solar thermal systems.Photovoltaic panels directly convert sunlight into electrical energy, while solar thermal systems heat a fluid, generating electricity.Wind energy, on the other hand, utilizes the kinetic energy of the wind to drive turbines that generate electrical power [3], [4].The appeal of solar and wind energy lies in their abundant and renewable nature.Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to harmful emissions, solar and wind energy rely on natural resources that are readily available and virtually limitless.Furthermore, solar and wind energy systems produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases, reducing air pollution and mitigating the negative impacts of climate change [5], [6].Technological advancements, economies of scale, and supportive policies have accelerated the adoption of these renewable energy sources.Solar panels are becoming more efficient and cost-effective, while wind turbines are increasing in size and generating capacity.As a result, solar and wind energy have become increasingly competitive with traditional fossil fuel-based electricity generation [7]- [9].Beyond their environmental benefits, solar and wind energy offer additional advantages.They contribute to energy diversification, reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports and enhancing energy security.Moreover, solar and wind projects often create jobs and stimulate local economies, fostering sustainable development and economic growth [10], [11].However, widespread solar and wind energy integration into the electricity grid presents challenges.Both solar and wind power are intermittent and variable, dependent on weather conditions.This intermittency requires careful grid management and the development of energy storage technologies to ensure a stable and reliable electricity supply [12], [13].The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing play key roles in the evolving energy sector.This work discussed the use of new technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing for improving the use of Solar Wind Energy.Also, this study builds a framework with three stages.In the first stage, we make the decision matrix between criteria and alternatives by the experts and decision makers.In the second stage, we compute the criteria weights by the average method.In the final stage, we used the Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method to rank the alternatives.We used 10 criteria, and 15 policies to select the policies in solar wind energy.The results concluded that the proposed method could provide a new method to rank alternatives and select the best policy in solar wind energy.Moreover, the proposed method can introduce simpler and more flexible methods.
This work is arranged as the following: the first section gives the introduction; the second section discussed the role of Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing for improving the use of solar wind energy; the third section introduces criteria for selecting the best policy in the solar wind energy; the fourth section represents the magnitude of the area for the ranking of alternatives (MARA); the fifth section gives applying the proposed method with numerical example; the six section discus of results; the seventh gives the conclusion of this work; finally gives references.

Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing for improving the use of Solar Wind Energy
Solar and wind energy represent a transformative shift toward sustainable, clean electricity generation.Their abundant availability, environmental benefits, and potential for economic growth An International Journal of Computational Intelligence Methods, and Applications Samah Ibrahim Abdel Aal, and Nada A.Nabeeh, Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method make them critical components of the global energy transition.With continued technological advancements, supportive policies, and investment in grid infrastructure, solar and wind energy have the potential to play a significant role in meeting the world's growing energy demand while reducing carbon emissions and fostering a more sustainable future [14], [15].
The Internet of Things (IoT) plays a key role in the evolving energy sector.The IoT can deal with volume of data, process huge data and performs useful control actions to make our life safe and simple.The IoT evolves Human-human communication with thing-thing communication.IoT applications are not confined to a particular sector.In the fields such as health care, smart homes, industries, transportation, etc.
Sivagami [25] suggests IoT architecture for renewable energy as shown in figure 1 that is organized the follows: the sensing layer that involves various sensors and other components to meet the configuration to full fill the requirement of user; the network layer transfers information and data through access and transport network.Middleware decomposes complex systems into simpler one.
The application layer stores the data received from the perception layer via gateway and organizes the data received and delivers gathered information about the monitored parameters the user.IoT can monitor the parameters of wind turbine such as velocity of wind using anemometer, voltage, current, vibration, humidity, power using respective sensors.IoT integrated cloud portal helps to store, analyze the data of measured real time parameters with that of actual data determined using machine learning algorithms.These techniques not only determine the fault but also help in decision making.

Criteria for Selecting the Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy
There are ten criteria are used in this paper [20]- [23].The criteria are organized as: An International Journal of Computational Intelligence Methods, and Applications

1.
Renewable Energy Targets: A comprehensive solar and wind energy policy should establish clear and ambitious renewable energy targets, specifying the desired percentage of energy generation from solar and wind sources.These targets provide a roadmap for the transition to a clean energy future.

2.
Incentives and Subsidies: The policy should include financial incentives and subsidies to encourage the deployment of solar and wind energy systems.This can consist of feed-in tariffs, tax credits, grants, and low-interest loans to promote investment in renewable energy projects and make them economically viable.

3.
Regulatory Framework: An effective policy should establish a favourable regulatory framework that removes barriers and streamlines the process of installing and connecting solar and wind energy systems.This includes simplified permitting procedures, grid access regulations, and interconnection standards.

4.
Net Metering: Net metering policies allow individuals and businesses to receive credits for excess electricity generated by their solar or wind systems and fed back into the grid.A robust net metering program encourages distributed generation and incentivizes investment in renewable energy systems.

5.
Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs): The policy should facilitate power purchase agreements, enabling renewable energy developers to enter into long-term contracts with utilities or commercial entities to sell the electricity generated from solar and wind projects.PPAs provide revenue certainty and encourage private sector investment in renewable energy.

6.
Grid Integration and Infrastructure: The policy should address grid integration challenges by promoting grid modernization efforts and incentivizing the development of energy storage systems.This ensures that intermittent solar and wind energy can be effectively integrated into the existing electricity grid, enhancing grid stability and reliability.This section introduces the steps of the MARA method [16]- [18].The MCDM can be used to deal with various criteria [19].Figure 1 shows the steps of the MARA method.

Applying the Proposed Method with Numerical Example
There are ten criteria and 15 alternatives are used in this paper [20]- [23].The criteria are organized as: The results of the MARA method are introduced in this section.
Phase 1. Build the decision matrix by the scale between 1 and 9 by the experts' 0.
Phase 2. Compute the normalized decision matrix by Eq. ( 1) as shown in Table 1.2) as shown Table 2.

Discussion of results
By implementing a robust selection policy, policymakers and stakeholders can ensure the successful implementation of solar and wind energy projects that contribute to a sustainable and lowcarbon energy future.This study builds a framework with three stages.In the first stage, we make the decision matrix between criteria and alternatives by the experts and decision makers.In the second stage, we compute the criteria weights by the average method.In the final stage, we used the Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method to rank the alternatives.By integrating various solar and wind energy criteria into the selection policy, policymakers and stakeholders can make informed decisions that facilitate the successful deployment of solar and wind energy projects.Such projects contribute to a sustainable and low-carbon energy future by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy security, and fostering economic growth and job creation.We used the MARA method as a MCDM methodology to select the best policy in the solar wind energy.We used 10 criteria and 15 alternatives in this study.The results show that alternative 2 is the best and alternative 9 is the worst.

Conclusions
The selection policy for solar and wind energy projects is critical to promoting the widespread adoption and integration of renewable energy technologies.Policymakers and stakeholders can make informed decisions that maximize the benefits and minimize the challenges associated with solar and

4 .
The Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA)

Figure 2 .Phase 5 .
Figure 2. The steps of the MARA method.

Figure 3 .
Figure 3.The importance of 10 criteria

Figure 4 .
Figure 4.The rank of alternatives wind energy deployment by considering key factors such as site suitability, resource assessment, technological feasibility, economic viability, environmental impact, community engagement, and regulatory compliance.Site suitability assessment is fundamental in selecting appropriate solar and wind energy project locations.Factors such as solar irradiation, wind speeds, land availability, and proximity to existing infrastructure must be carefully evaluated to optimize energy generation potential and minimize environmental impacts.This work discussed the use of new technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing for improving the use of Solar Wind Energy.
FiTs offer incentives to renewable energy producers by guaranteeing long-term contracts at a fixed premium price for the electricity they generate.This mechanism ensures a predictable income for renewable energy projects, incentivizing their development.Policies that support the integration of energy storage systems with solar and wind installations are becoming more prevalent.These policies aim to address intermittency issues and enhance the reliability of renewable energy sources.
timeframe.They set targets to increase the share of renewables in the overall energy mix, encouraging investments in these technologies.An International Journal of Computational Intelligence Methods, and Applications Samah Ibrahim Abdel Aal, and Nada A.Nabeeh, Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method 2. Feed-in Tariffs (FiTs): 6. Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs): RECs certify generating a certain amount of renewable electricity, allowing businesses or individuals to purchase credits to offset their carbon footprint or meet renewable energy goals.7.Interconnection Standards and Grid Integration Policies: Clear standards for integrating renewable energy into existing grids ensure smooth and efficient integration, promoting stability and reliability while accommodating fluctuating renewable energy generation.8. Community and Shared Solar Programs: Policies encouraging community-owned or shared solar and wind projects enable broader participation in renewable energy initiatives, making it accessible to individuals who may not have suitable rooftops or land for installations.9. Environmental Regulations and Emission Targets: Policies imposing emissions reductions and ecological regulations incentivize the adoption of cleaner energy sources like solar and wind, aiming to mitigate climate change impacts.10.Education and Awareness Initiatives: Public outreach programs and educational campaigns raise awareness about the benefits of solar and wind energy, encouraging public support and fostering a culture of sustainability.An International Journal of Computational Intelligence Methods, and Applications Samah Ibrahim Abdel Aal, and Nada A.Nabeeh, Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method 14.Energy Storage Integration:

Table 1 .
Normalization Decision Matrix An International Journal of Computational Intelligence Methods, and Applications Samah Ibrahim Abdel Aal, and Nada A.Nabeeh, Selection Best Policy in the Solar Wind Energy under Magnitude of the Area for the Ranking of Alternatives (MARA) Method

Table 2 .
The weighted normalization decision.