Neutrosophic Logic and Neither Nor Logic in Development Studies: A Few Examples

Abstract

Decision making, especially in real-world contexts, often involves complexities that go beyond simple linear logic. We are often faced with situations where the available choices present a series of conflicting criteria. This is a dilemma often described in the classic Indonesian proverb "buah simalakama" (English term: simalakama fruit, with problem involved if eaten, father dies, but if not eaten, mother dies): whatever choice is made, there are always unpleasant consequences. This paper attempts to examine the problem of decision making from the perspective of conflicting criteria. We also discuss among other things Water logic proposed by Edward de Bono, Neutrosophic Logic proposed by one of us (FS), Logic of not proposed by Nagatomo, and neither nor logic as commonly found among Asian people.