Fermatean Fuzzy Distance ORCA Methodology for Analysis Solar Water Heating Systems

Abstract

This study presents an in-depth exploration and evaluation of solar water heating systems, focusing on their technological advancements, economic viability, environmental impact, and practical applications. Solar water heating systems stand as innovative solutions, utilizing solar thermal energy to provide a sustainable and renewable source of hot water. The assessment encompasses an analysis of various collector designs, materials, and efficiency metrics, showcasing the evolution and effectiveness of these systems across different climates and settings. Economic evaluations reveal the cost-effectiveness and potential savings associated with solar water heating, emphasizing reduced energy bills and lower carbon footprints. Environmental assessments highlight the systems' significant contribution to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. Furthermore, real-world applications across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors underscore the versatility and scalability of solar water heating systems. Despite their numerous benefits, challenges persist regarding upfront costs, system integration, and technological limitations. However, strategic research, development, and policy interventions present opportunities to overcome these barriers and promote wider adoption. The findings from this comprehensive assessment provide valuable insights into the significance, challenges, and potential pathways for optimizing solar water heating systems towards a sustainable and energy-efficient future. This study used the Fermantean fuzzy sets with the Operational Competitiveness Rating (ORCA) model for analysis of the criteria and alternatives in solar water heating. We used the 12 criteria and 15 options in this study. The sensitivity analysis is conducted to show the stability of the results.